Caution! From 1st of January 2021 industrial power plants are included in professional thermal power plants and are not directly comparable to data from previous years. This is due to the modernization of the TSO''s IT systems.
The Polish energy sector is the fifth largest in Europe.[1] By the end of 2023, the installed generation capacity had reached 55.216 GW,[2] while electricity consumption for that year was 167.52 TWh and generation was 163.63 TWh,[3] with 26% of this coming from renewables.[4]
In detail, the data presents as follows (year-over-year changes from 2022 in brackets):[2][3][4]
The Bełchatów Power Station in the Łódź region supplies almost 20% of Poland''s energy. It is the largest brown coal power plant in the EU, and also the single biggest source of CO2 emissions in the region.[15]
In 2020, coal played a significant role in Poland''s energy mix, making up 69.5% of the nation''s energy production and 68.5% of its electricity generation. It accounted for 40.2% of the Total Energy Supply (TES). The largest portion of coal consumption was in electricity and heat generation, representing 75.6% of the total demand. The industrial sector followed, utilizing 14.5%, and buildings were responsible for 9.9% of coal usage.[16][5]
During the April 2022 Russia–European Union gas dispute, Russia cut off natural gas deliveries to Poland after demanding to be paid in Russian rubles during currency disruptions caused by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[17]
In September 2022 a gas pipeline connecting Poland with Denmark, allowing gas from Norway to pass through to Poland was commissioned.[18]
In 2020, natural gas constituted a notable component of Poland''s energy mix, representing 6% of energy production and 17% of the Total Energy Supply (TES). The industrial sector emerged as the primary consumer, consuming 49% of the total natural gas. Residential buildings followed with a 23% share, co-generation processes accounted for 19%, service sector buildings utilized 7%, and the transport sector comprised the smallest share at 2%.[5]
As of 2015 Biomass and waste was the largest source of renewable energy in Poland providing an estimated 8.9% of total primary energy supply (TPES) in that year and an estimated 6.1% of electricity generation.[23] In 2019 there were 1,142 MW installed capacity power.[24]
Solid biomass is the most important source by volume, providing fuel for heat and power plants or consumed directly for industrial or household heat requirements. Biogasses are also used in heat and power plants as well whilst waste is mainly used as a fuel in industry.[23] In 2014 0.7 Mtoe of biofuels were used in transport, 81% as biodiesel and 19% as biogasoline, making up 5% of the total energy consumption in the transport sector in 2014.[23]
In September 2020, the government announced a 130 billion zloty (£26.5 billion) plan to invest in offshore wind.[13]
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