Types of work thermodynamics

Three forms of Work considered:a) Boundary Work [latex]W_b implies[/latex] Piston – Cylinderb) Shaft Work [latex]W_s implies[/latex] Paddle Wheelc) Electrical Work [latex]W_e =[/latex]Volts [latex]cdot I[/latex] (Amps) [latex]cdot[/latex] time

We are primarily concerned with Boundary Work due to compression or expansion of a system in a piston-cylinder device as shown above. In all cases we assume a perfect seal (no mass flow in or out of the system), no loss due to friction, and quasi-equilibrium processes in that for each incremental movement of the piston equilibrium conditions are maintained. By convention:

Note that work done is a Path Function and not a property, thus it is dependent on the process path between the initial and final states. Sometimes these paths are simplified when one property is held constant. Terms for these special types of paths are as follows:

It is sometimes convenient to evaluate the specific work done which can be represented by a P-v diagram thus if the mass of the system is m [kg] we have finally:

Again, according to the convention established above, work done by the system on the surroundings (expansion process) is positive, and that done on the system by the surroundings (compression process) is negative. Shaft Work (due to a paddle wheel) likewise carries this convention, but there is no expression, like that for boundary work, that can be used to quantify shaft work.

This equations works nicely for a linearly translating piston, or a car overcoming air drag at a constant speed. In many cases in this course, however, power transmitted by a shaft will be a quantity into a pump, or the output of a turbine. If we know the torque on the shaft [latex]tau[/latex] and its rotation rate [latex]omega[/latex],

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