During the early stages of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Israel shut off the supply of electricity to Gaza. The sole remaining power station as the main supplier ran out of fuel on 11 October 2023.[7] Contact online >>
During the early stages of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Israel shut off the supply of electricity to Gaza. The sole remaining power station as the main supplier ran out of fuel on 11 October 2023.[7]
Until June 2013, diesel fuel for the power plant was smuggled from Egypt, where fuel at the time was highly subsidized. Egypt took measures against the Gaza Strip smuggling tunnels, halting these cheap imports. With a halt to such smuggling and with restricted amounts of fuel supplied via Israel, due to the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip, the power plant began operating at partial capacity.[8] The supply of electricity by IEC was not subject to the blockade, and the supply from Egypt was unreliable.
In 2014, during the Gaza War, the Gaza Power Plant was hit several times by Israeli shelling. Its fire extinguishing systems were struck and its fuel tanks were set ablaze. By 2015, the plant had undergone some basic repairs and relied on one small fuel tank to operate. The blockade renders maintenance and importing parts very difficult, and limits fuel imports.[9]
According to Asharq Al-Awsat Egypt offered, in June 2017, to supply Gaza with electricity in exchange for the extradition of 17 wanted terrorists and other security demands.[17][21] On 20 June 2017, it was reported that Egypt and Hamas reached an understanding according to which Egypt would supply 500 tons of diesel fuel daily. This supply was not subject to Israeli custom duties (which would have been withheld by the PA).[22]
In August 2017, the United Nations human rights office called on Israeli, Palestinian and Hamas authorities to resolve the conflict, saying "We are deeply concerned about the steady deterioration in the humanitarian conditions and the protection of human rights in Gaza", and that the supply of electricity for less than four a hours a day since April "has a grave impact on the provision of essential health, water and sanitation services".[27]
Israeli human rights group B''Tselem has documented how Gazans cope with electricity being provided on a rolling blackout schedule of a few hours a day,[28] and has further said that Israel should take responsibility for the crisis, a responsibility Israel denies, saying that Hamas should allocate funds for electricity rather than personal gain and military expenditure on equipment and military tunnels.[29]
In August 2020, the Gaza power plant shut down after Israel suspended fuel shipments after dozens of incendiary balloons were launched from Gaza causing brush fires in southern Israel. Political sources described the effort as a bid to pressure Israel to ease its blockade and allow more Arab and international investment.[30]
During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Israel shut off the supply of electricity to Gaza.[7] The sole remaining power station ran out of fuel on 11 October 2023.[33]
Almost all of Gaza''s liquid fuel and about half of its electricity is supplied by Israel. These supplies are normally not subject to the continuing blockade of the Gaza Strip, though limitations apply.
As of 2017, Gaza''s normal energy needs are estimated to be approximately 400–600 megawatts for full 24-hour supply to all residents. The electricity is normally supplied by:
Even in normal conditions, the current rated supply of Gaza is inadequate to meet growing needs, and the crisis has led to further closure and reductions to each of these power sources.[8][38]
This new World Bank report focuses on the energy sector as an important sector for Palestinian development and economic growth. It lays out a vision of improved energy security in the Palestinian territories based on expanding and diversifying power supply and provides a sequenced road map of actions to improve the current situation of the energy sector so it can meet the requirements of the development of the related sectors.
Gaza already struggles to meet even basic electricity needs, while seasonal power shortages are emerging in the West Bank. With demand growing demand at 3.5 percent annually until 2030, failure to invest in the West Bank''s power sector would lead to deepening power shortages over time, and in Gaza, would make an already dire situation worse. Implementing a sound energy strategy could boost economic growth by 0.3 percentage points in the West Bank and 0.5 percentage point in Gaza.
The Palestinian territories rely primarily on Israeli imports to meet its electricity needs, amounting to 99 percent of total supply in the West Bank and 64 percent of total supply in Gaza.
Gaza''s annual power demand is 450MW. Currently, 20-30 MW is imported from Egypt, 120MW from Israel and 60MW are produced by the GPP, which runs at half capacity due to the prohibitive cost of diesel.
Scaling-up solar energy will strengthen energy security. The Palestinian territories are located in a region rich with the sun''s energy and are rank amongst the world''s top locations for construction of solar systems. Solar energy represents one of the few untapped supply options for West Bank and Gaza, and is becoming increasingly attractive as costs have dropped by 80 percent over the past 5 years driven by rapid technological change.
Both sides, with support of international community, need to engage in dialogue over the use of Area C for domestic Palestinian power generation and grid expansion and provide clear guidelines for private developers interested in building additional generation or expanding grid capacity in Area C. This should also include the construction of gas pipelines to connect the Palestinian territories to the Israeli gas transportation network, and gas supply agreements for the construction of new gas plants in Jenin and Hebron, and convert the Gaza Power Plant to operate on natural gas.
Private sector investment will be crucial to meet future energy needs. However, this investment will not materialize unless the PA and GoI create a suitable enabling environment.
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